H.J.Res. 1 is a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would mandate that the Supreme Court consist of nine justices: one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. This aims to ensure a stable and consistent size for the Court.
H.J.Res. 1 was introduced in the 119th Congress by Andy Biggs (Republican) and is currently listed as “Reported by Committee”. It is classified under the Law policy area, one of 59 bills in that area we track this Congress.
Andy Biggs is the sponsor of 7 bills in our database this Congress, so H.J.Res. 1 is part of a broader legislative agenda rather than a one-off proposal.
The most significant recorded vote (House, September 2, 2026) ended 212–206.
Senate lobbying disclosures list 15 organizations lobbying on this bill’s issue area.
Our conflict-of-interest analysis rates H.J.Res. 1 2/10 (low risk), higher than 76% of analyzed bills; the average in Law is 2.1/10.
Supporters of H.J.Res. 1 argue that this amendment would preserve the integrity and tradition of the Supreme Court, preventing any future attempts to pack the Court with additional justices for political gain. Many view this as a safeguard for judicial independence and a return to a more balanced judiciary.
Critics of H.J.Res. 1 contend that the amendment is unnecessary and could be seen as an attempt to limit the flexibility of the Court in responding to changing legal and societal needs. Some opponents argue that it may further entrench partisan divisions in the judicial system.
The bill H.J.Res. 1 proposes an amendment to the U.S. Constitution regarding the composition of the Supreme Court, which does not have a direct correlation with the sponsor Andy Biggs' top donor industries, namely Health Professionals and Retired individuals. The total contributions from these industries amount to $157,500,000, but they do not appear to have a vested interest in the judicial structure of the Supreme Court. Additionally, the lobbying activity associated with this bill does not indicate any direct influence from industries that would typically align with the interests of Biggs' top donors. The absence of direct industry overlaps suggests that there is minimal risk of conflict of interest in this case.
Organizations that lobbied on issues related to this bill's policy area.
| Client | Lobbying Firm | Amount |
|---|---|---|
| NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION, INC. | NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION, INC. | $600,000 |
| BSA, THE SOFTWARE ALLIANCE | TIM YEHL, LLC | $20,000 |
| ENVISION GROUP LLC | MR. ANDREW FUTEY | undisclosed |
| GESCONTI GROUP,INC. | GESCONTI GROUP,INC. | undisclosed |
| JOHN BRIAN LEDBETTER MISSIONS CORPORATION | JOHN BRIAN LEDBETTER MISSIONS CORPORATION | undisclosed |
| KASICH COMPANY | MARKQUEST | undisclosed |
| MARKQUEST | MARKQUEST | undisclosed |
| AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION | MARKQUEST | undisclosed |
| KASICH COMPANY | MARKQUEST | undisclosed |
| AMERICAN LOGISTICS ASSOCIATION | MARKQUEST | undisclosed |
| MARKQUEST | MARKQUEST | undisclosed |
| TRACKONOMY SYSTEMS, INC. | ANCHOR & ARROW LLC | undisclosed |
| HOLLY STRATEGIES INC. ON BEHALF OF 202 GROUP | ANCHOR & ARROW LLC | undisclosed |
| CITY OF ST LOUIS | BRACY TUCKER BROWN & VALANZANO DBA BROWN & ASSOCIATES | undisclosed |
| EMAD EL SAID YOUSSEF SAAD EL-GALADA THROUGH BOLT CAPITAL, LP | NEXUSONE CONSULTING | undisclosed |
Source: Senate Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings, 2026
Top industries funding Andy Biggs, ranked by total contributions.
Source: OpenSecrets.org (Center for Responsive Politics)
Source: GovTrack.us roll call vote data.
What does H.J.Res. 1 do?
H.J.Res. 1 is a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would mandate that the Supreme Court consist of nine justices: one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. This aims to ensure a stable and consistent size for the Court.
How did Congress vote on H.J.Res. 1?
The most significant recorded vote (House, September 2, 2026) ended 212–206.
Does H.J.Res. 1 have a conflict of interest?
Our conflict-of-interest analysis rates H.J.Res. 1 2/10 (low risk), higher than 76% of analyzed bills; the average in Law is 2.1/10. This score reflects overlap between the sponsor’s campaign funding, lobbying activity, and the industries the bill affects. It is a transparency indicator, not an accusation.
What is the status of H.J.Res. 1?
H.J.Res. 1 is currently “Reported by Committee” as of our last update on September 6, 2026.
Who sponsored H.J.Res. 1?
H.J.Res. 1 was sponsored by Andy Biggs (Republican).
